Well
here we are at another cold Monday, I have just seen Sam off to
school while we are waiting for his transport to arrive I am shown
some weird and funny clips on his phone from YouTube or Tic Tok and
it does feel good to have a laugh but now it is time for another well
know/famous Aussie that you may have or more likely never heard off
till now. This week have Harold Holt.
Harold
Edward Holt CH was an Australian politician and lawyer who served as
the 17th prime minister of Australia, from 1966 until his
disappearance and presumed death in 1967, holding office as leader of
the Liberal Party of Australia.
He
was born on the 5 August 1908, seven months after his parents
marriage in January 1908, he had a younger brother Clifford born in
1910.
Born
in a suburb of Sydney in 1914 his parents moved to Adelaide while him
and his brother remained in NSW with an uncle but it 1916 he went to
live with his grandparents in country for about a year before
returning to Sydney. Around that time his parents split up and he
went to a boarding school.
He
was admitted to the Victorian Bar in 1932 and set up his own legal
practice in 1933, however, due to the depression things were hard and
he relied on the hospitality of friends to get by. 1933 was the year
he joined the Young Nationalist the youth wing of the United
Australia Party.
Drawing
on his family connections in show business, he eventually accepted an
offer to become secretary of the Victorian Cinematograph Exhibitors'
Association, a film industry lobby group. In this capacity he
appeared several times before the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation
of Arbitration. This had a positive effect on his own practice, and
he eventually took on two partners, first Jack Graham and later James
Newman. The firm of Holt, Graham, & Newman was dissolved in 1963,
following a financial dispute and subsequently reconstituted as Holt,
Newman, & Holt, with Holt's son Sam as the new addition. Holt's
involvement in the practice declined once he entered politics and
ceased altogether in 1949, although he did not formally retire until
assuming the prime ministership.
Holt
was twenty-seven years old when he entered parliament, making him its
youngest member. He kept a relatively low profile in his first few
years, but spoke on a wide range of topics.
When
Robert Menzies became prime minister in April 1939, he made Holt one
of four ministers without a portfolio. His inclusion was made
possible by the collapse of the coalition with the Country Party
previously a certain number of positions had been reserved for
Country MPs, but the new ministry was composed solely of UAP members.
Although Holt officially had no portfolio, he effectively was an
assistant minister to Richard
Casey,
who headed the Department of Supply and Development. He was given
responsibility for the Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research(CSIR),and also acted for periods as Minister for Trade and
Customs and Minister for Civil Aviation and Air, while the incumbents
were overseas.
Holt's
first stint as a government minister came to an end in March 1940,
when the coalition with the Country Party was reinstituted. His
replacement was Arthur Fadden, another future prime minister.
He
enlisted in the Militia in February 1939, joining a part-time
artillery unit for businessmen and professionals. He was given
indefinite leave during his ministerial service.
In
May 1940, without resigning his seat, Holt enlisted in the Australian
Imperial Force
with
the intent of becoming a full-time soldier.
Several
of his parliamentary colleagues did likewise at various points in the
war. In a press statement, Holt said "as the youngest member of
the House, I could not feel happy in my position if I were not
prepared to make some sacrifice and take an active part".
He
was sent to Puckapunval
for
training, and expected to be posted to North Africa or Palestine.
More
could be said about his early political career but I don't want to
bore you too much so let's move on to his role as Prime Minister.
He
was sworn in as prime minister on 26 January 1966, following the
retirement of Robert Menzies six days earlier. He won the leadership
election unopposed, with William McMahon elected as his deputy.
He
was the first Australian prime minister born in the 20th century and
the first born after federation. He was almost fourteen years younger
than his predecessor, but, at the age of 57, was still the
fourth-oldest man to assume the office.
He
had been an MP for over 30 years before becoming prime minister,
still the longest wait for any non-caretaker Prime Minister.
Stylistically, he was more informal and contemporary than Menzies,
and his wife accompanied him into the political spotlight.
He
gave the media an unprecedented level of access, and was the first
prime minister to conduct regular press conferences and grant regular
television interviews. His press secretary, Tony
Eggleton,
accompanied him virtually every time he travelled.
He
loved the ocean, particularly spearishing, and had holiday homes in
Victoria and Queensland. On 17 December 1967, while he was spending
the weekend with four companions decided to stop at remote Cheviot
Beach for a swim before lunch– he had spearfished there on many
previous occasions, and claimed to "know this beach like the
back of my hand". Because of the rough conditions, only one
other person, Alan Stewart, joined Holt in the water. Stewart kept
close to shore, but he swam out into deeper water and was seemingly
caught up in a rip eventually disappearing from view. One of the
witnesses, Marjorie Gillespie, described it as "like a leaf
being taken out [...] so quick and final".
Holt's
disappearance sparked "one of the largest search operations in
Australian history", but no trace of his body was ever found. At
10 p.m. on 18 December, Governor-General Lord Casey announced he had
terminated Holt's commission as prime minister upon his presumed
death.
A
police report released in early 1968 made no definitive findings
about Holt's death, while a colonial inquest in 2005 returned a
verdict of accidental drowning. It is generally accepted that Holt
overestimated his swimming ability.
Some
have alleged that he committed suicide, but those close to him
rejected this as uncharacteristic of his personality.
Conspiracy
theories have included suggestions that he faked his own death, was
assassinated by the CIA or was collected by a submarine so that he
could defect to China.
A
memorial service for Holt was held at St Paul's Cathedral Melbourne
on 22 December, and attended by numerous world leaders. Aged 59 at
the time of his death, Holt became the third Australian prime
minister to die in office.